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| گوینده: | Kaleo Griffith |
| مدت: | 13 hours 42 minutes |
کتاب Determined دربارۀ مفهوم ارادۀ آزاد با دیدگاهی علمی است. ساپولسکی، متخصص و نویسنده مشهور اعصاب غدد، در این کتاب به بررسی عوامل عصبی، ژنتیکی و محیطی که رفتار انسان را شکل می‌دهند، می‌پردازد و در نهایت علیه وجود اراده آزاد استدلال می‌کند. تز اصلی ساپولسکی این است که رفتار انسان به طور کامل توسط یک تعامل پیچیده از عوامل بیولوژیکی و محیطی تعیین می شود که جایی برای اراده آزاد باقی نمی گذارد. او معتقد است که اعمال، افکار و تصمیمات ما نتیجه فرآیندهای عصبی است که تحت تأثیر ژنتیک، تربیت و شرایط فعلی است. این دیدگاه جبرگرایانه مفهوم سنتی اراده آزاد را از میان بر می دارد که مطابق با آن افراد فرض می‌کند که توانایی انتخاب مستقل و آزادانه دارند. او ابتدا تعداد زیادی از تحقیقات علوم اعصاب را شرح می دهد تا ادعای خود را اثبات کند. او در مورد اینکه چگونه فعالیت مغز مقدم بر تصمیم‌گیری آگاهانه ما است بحث می‌کند و بیان می کند که احساس ما از انتخاب کردن توهمی بیش نیست.
One of our great behavioral scientists, the bestselling author of Behave, plumbs the depths of the science and philosophy of decision-making to mount a devastating case against free will, an argument with profound consequences.
Robert Sapolsky's Behave, his now classic account of why humans do good and why they do bad, pointed toward an unsettling conclusion: we may not grasp the precise marriage of nature and nurture that creates the physics and chemistry at base of human behavior, but that doesn't mean it doesn't exist. Now, in Determined, Sapolsky takes his argument all the way, mounting a brilliant (and in his inimitable way, delightful) full-frontal assault on the pleasant fantasy that there's some separate self telling our biology what to do.
Determined offers a marvelous synthesis of what we know about how consciousness works--the tight weave between reason and emotion, and between stimulus and response, in the moment and over a life. One by one, Sapolsky tackles all the major arguments for free will and takes them out, cutting a path through the thickets of chaos and complexity science and quantum physics, as well as touching ground on some of the wilder shores of philosophy. He shows us that the history of medicine is in no small part the history of learning that fewer and fewer things are somebody's "fault"; for example, for centuries we thought seizures were a sign of demonic possession. Yet as he acknowledges, it's very hard, and at times impossible, to uncouple from our zeal to judge others, and to judge ourselves. Sapolsky applies the new understanding of life beyond free will to some of our most essential questions around punishment, morality, and living well together. By the end, Sapolsky argues that while living our daily lives recognizing that we have no free will is going to be monumentally difficult, doing so is not going to result in anarchy, pointlessness and existential malaise. Instead, it will make for a much more humane world.
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hessam_bayanifar –
I loved Free Will by Sam Harris, which was more philosophical. This one is supposed to argue from biology standpoint. Thanks for the upload. Gonna write a review after finishing it